Erfaniyat Dar Adab Farsi

The purpose of this paper is firstly to show that dreams are not futile, because they are fed from a noble and ancient source on the one hand, and come from a mythical time and on the other hand. They are having a spiritual color and they are valuable. So unlike vulgar imaginations, dreams are not meaningless and futile. But the dreams are full of moral values ​​and teachings. And also dreams have effects on different functions, including changing the character, views, and consequently dreams change the life principles. Secondly, it is shown that, depending on the dreams, the concepts of them are different. If the dream is the Azghas Ahlam type, various factors are involved in creating and shaping it, so it can be the reflection of daily activities. If your sleep is a kind of Sadegheh, then there is surely interpretation of it. And the purpose of dream is beyond its the formation and carries a message from the unconscious that necessarily assign duties to us. In this article it has also been shown that the distortion and individual inter pretation of dream do not change the truth of it.

Allegory proves to be very efficient in stating mystical and indirect concepts. Human and animal allegory is common in mystical and didactic literatures. In Masnavi Haft Organ, Jami cites over ten stories of animals. He also uses symbolic animal allegories as well. He personifies animals to teach moral a mythical concepts. He also did not neglect the legendary and totem backgrounds of the allegories he used. In personification of animals and birds, he also used the past experiences. This paper deals with most of the allegories in Haft Orang.

   Victor Hugo, famous French poet and author in 19^th century, has been inspired by mystical literature of Iran, particularly Attar, in creating Legend of Centuries, his epical work. In this analytic- descriptive paper, efforts have been made to clarify the similarities and common points between Attar’s Mantic Uttair and Hugo’s Legend of Centuries, based on themes of mysticism. In Mantic Uttair, the eager birds under leadership of hoopoe fly toward Ghaf mountain for seeking Simorgh. In their way, they encounter a lot of  dangers, and at last, thirty of them attain their goal. In Legend of Centuries, Hugo himself, has covered such way. Both, great Iranian mystic and French poet, in their religious and mystical epics, talk about the experience of the visit of human soul with peaceful and divine soul, which is one of the divine manifestations of human being. In Hugo’s work, each bird is the symbol of a particular idea and thought. In Mantic Uttair also, every bird is a symbol of a special group and class.