fa ویژگی‌های آیرونیک زبان و شخصیت شمس تبریزی تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شگردهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تأثیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">عمق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سخن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به پیشینه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">طولانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شیوه،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شیوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مختلف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">متون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ارگرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ادبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فلسفی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گستره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ظهور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بسیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فراتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ساختار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">زبانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">داده است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">رو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شیوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اندیشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">زبان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شمس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که ویژگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">عین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">حال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دقیقا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">متناظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آنچه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تعاریف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مشهور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی آمده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نیست</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مقالات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شمس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">متونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">برجستگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">خاص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">وجوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونیک دارد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شکلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">توان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">انواع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گوناگونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مشهور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یافت</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ظهور آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مقالات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شمس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سطحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فراتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شگرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بلاغی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فنّی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ادبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هنری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مطرح است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">چنان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">انواع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گوناگونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">غیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">همچون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سقراطی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی فلسفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">علاوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">انواعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مشهورکلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و غیرکلامی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مقالاتنوعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">خاص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یتوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تعریفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">روشن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آن بدست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">داد؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">برآمده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شیوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">خاص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">زندگانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شخصیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شمس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گونه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ای از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیرونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">عملی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span> Irony is one the techniques used to improve the effectiveness of speech. This technique has been used in various ways in literary texts. Literary and philosophical studies have shown that the extent of this concept is beyond verbal structures. This paper investigates some characteristics of Shams Tabrizi&#39;s thought, view and language which seems ironic, although some of them do not correspond to the known types of irony. Maghalat-e Shams is an outstanding literary work considering ironic features so that different types of irony can be traced in. But irony in Maghalat is more than a rhetorical or literary techniqueas it includes different types of nonverbal ironies. Besides these verbal and nonverbal ironies there is an other irony in Maghalat which comes from Shams Tabrizi&#39;s way of life and personality. An irony which might be called a kind of practical irony. آیرونی, مقالات شمس, شمس تبریزی, آیرونی کلامی, آیرونی فلسفی irony, Shams Tabrizi, Maghalat-e Shams, philosophical irony, verbal irony 34 49 http://erfaniyat.iauh.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-90-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 لیلا آقایانی چاوشی l.chavoshi@gmail.com 1003194753284600786 1003194753284600786 Yes دانش آموخته دکتری دانشگاه الزهرا، مدرس زبان و ادبیات فارسی