fa واکاوی وتحلیل کهن الگو و نمادهای فرارونده عرفانی درگلشن راز با رویکرد به نظریه روان شناختی یونگ تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هنر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ادب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اساسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نمودارهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فرهنگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تمدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بشری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">لایه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">های عمیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ناخودآگاهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">پیوند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ناگسستنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نظریه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یونگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کهن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">الگوها</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آرکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تایپ</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مایه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تصاویر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نمادینی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هستند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اساطیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فرهنگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">،مفاهیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مشترک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مشابهی را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ناخودآگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بشر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">طول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">زمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">جا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گذاشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اند. در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گلشن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">راز،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کهن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">الگو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ریشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در ناخودآگاهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">جمعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دارند. در این مثنوی کهن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">الگوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آفتاب،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">دریا</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آب</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">( </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آتش،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آیینه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سفر، تأویل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تفسیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شدند. </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">صور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مثالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">یونگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">عرفان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اسلامی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اعیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ثابته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نامند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> .</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اندیشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">انتزاعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شهودی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گلشن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">راز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">قرآن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">احادیث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نشئت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است. </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تحلیل نمادهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">عرفانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">فرصتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شاعرِعارف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">گنجینه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">معارف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">خود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">منصه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ظهور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">برساند. در گلشن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">راز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">علاوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نقش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کلیدی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نمادها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">چشمگیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">هنجارگریزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آشنازدایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در برجسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">سازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بیشتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ابیات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مؤثّر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">برخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ابیات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مثنوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نمادها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">جایگزین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">حقیقت شدند. شباهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">نمادهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مفاهیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">ابهام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">آمیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">است. عارف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">مثنوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">با تأویل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">تفسیر،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بخشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">حقیقت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">اشاره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">بازگو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">کند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span> Art and literature are the most important evidence of human‟s civilization and culture that have unbreakable bond with deep layers of unconsciousness. Archetypes base on Jung‟s theory are the images, patterns and symbols that rise out of the collective unconscious and have left the similar and common concepts in human‟s unconscious in myths and cultures over the time. In Golshane Raz, the archetypes rise out of the collective unconscious. The archetypes in the Islamic theosophy is the standing property. The archetype in this ancient couplet-poems (Mathnavi) is interpreted as the archetypes: sun, sea (water), fire, mirror and journey. Jung&#39;s archetype in Islamic mysticism, permanent archetype is called. The concrete and abstract ideas in Golshane Raz is originated of Qurans and hadiths. Analyzing the mystical symbols was an opportunity that the gnostic poet manifests his education treasure. In Golshane Raz in addition to the key role of symbols, the salient portion of deviation and defamiliarization is effective in more highlighting the verses. In some couplet-poems, the symbols are replaced with the reality. The similarity of eastern and western symbols in concepts are ambiguous. The gnostic points to some part of reality with paraphrase and interpretation in this couplet-poem(Mathnavi). کلید واژه: کهن الگو , ناخودآگاهی جمعی: , نماد فرارونده ,یونگ ,گلشن راز Key words: archetype, collective unconscious, ultraism symbol, Jung, Golshane Raz 159 174 http://erfaniyat.iauh.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-110-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh Yavari فاطمه یاوری yavari1962@yahoo.com 1003194753284600793 1003194753284600793 Yes Abbas Ali Vafaei عباسعلی وفایی a_a_vafaie@yahoo.com 1003194753284600794 1003194753284600794 No Professor in Persian language and literature, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران