Erfaniyat Dar Adab Farsi

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The challenges in the way of religion, especially the critical views towards its functions, have made religious sociologists to explain the patterns and strategies of its extensive and diverse implementation. Thus, religion is thought to have various dimensions and is viewed as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Glock’s and Stark’s theory is among the most prominent theories in this regard. This theory identifies five dimensions to religiosity: 1) ideological, 2) ritualistic, 3) experiential, 4) intellectual, and 5) consequential. In religious experience, emphasis is placed on feelings, which is an infinite source for religion. In fact, the experiential dimension of religion is a way of feeling the presence of God within us. Glock and Stark identify four indicators for religious experience: 1) cognition, 2) concern, 3) faith, and 4) fear. Rumi’s Masnavi is among the works that emphasize religious experience in the understanding of religion, describing and explaining many religious experiences and their functions. Rumi discusses three types of cognition in Masnavi, namely sensory, rational, and intuitive. He states that concern and prayers have a determining role in the formation and evolution of individual and social personalities for the members of the society. He also believes that faith fosters heartfelt and practical belief, esteem, security, and ethical-social reformation. However, as for fear, he maintains variable views; he accepts it at certain stages and situations and considers it a veil between the creation (us) and the creator (God) at other points, replacing it with hope instead. Yet, in the following stages, he moves beyond hope and towards desiring and admiring God.
This descriptive-analytical study uses a qualitative and a library research method. Thus, the data are analyzed after being collected. The criteria and basis for data analysis are
 qualitative and descriptive. The author reviews and analyzes the collected data using theoretical foundations, logical deductions, and empirical evidence.

Keywords: Masnavi, religion, Glock, Stark, faith

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